Adicionando usuários
Publicado por Marcelo Gonçalves da Cunha 22/05/2004
[ Hits: 15.210 ]
Um programinha em shell script muito bom que adiciona usuários linux com muito pouco esforço.
#!/bin/bash ########################################################################## # Program: /usr/sbin/adduser # Purpose: Interactive front end to /usr/sbin/useradd for Slackware Linux # Author : Stuart Winter <stuart@polplex.co.uk> # Based on the original Slackware adduser by Hrvoje Dogan # with modifications by Patrick Volkerding # Brazilian Portuguese by Helio Cavichiolo Jr <helio@definitylinux.com.br> # Version: 1.07 ########################################################################## # Uso....: adduser [<nome_do_novo_usuário>] ########################################################################## # History # ########### # v1.07 - 07/03/03 # * When supplying a null string for the uid (meaning 'Choose next available'), # if there were file names in the range 'a-z' in the pwd then the # egrep command considered these files rather than the null string. # The egrep expression is now in quotes. # Reported & fixed by Vadim O. Ustiansky <sw> # v1.06 - 31/03/03 # * Ask to chown user.group the home directory if it already exists. # This helps reduce later confusion when adding users whose home dir # already exists (mounted partition for example) and is owned # by a user other than the user to which the directory is being # assigned as home. Default is not to chown. # Brought to my attention by mRgOBLIN. <sw> # v1.05 - 04/01/03 # * Advise & prevent users from creating logins with '.' characters # in the user name. <sw> # * Made pending account creation info look neater <sw> # v1.04 - 09/06/02 # * Catered for shadow-4.0.3's 'useradd' binary that no longer # will let you create a user that has any uppercase chars in it # This was reported on the userlocal.org forums # by 'xcp' - thanks. <sw,pjv> # v1.03 - 20/05/02 # * Support 'broken' (null lines in) /etc/passwd and # /etc/group files <sw> # * For recycling UIDs (default still 'off'), we now look in # /etc/login.defs for the UID_MIN value and use it # If not found then default to 1000 <sw> # v1.02 - 10/04/02 # * Fix user-specified UID bug. <pjv> # v1.01 - 23/03/02 # * Match Slackware indenting style, simplify. <pjv> # v1.00 - 22/03/02 # * Created ####################################################################### # Path to files pfile=/etc/passwd gfile=/etc/group sfile=/etc/shells # Paths to binaries useradd=/usr/sbin/useradd chfn=/usr/bin/chfn passwd=/usr/bin/passwd chmod=/bin/chmod # Defaults defhome=/home defshell=/bin/bash defchmod=711 # home dir permissions - may be preferable to use 701, however. defgroup=users # Determine what the minimum UID is (for UID recycling) # (we ignore it if it's not at the beginning of the line (i.e. commented out with #)) export recycleUIDMIN="$(grep ^UID_MIN /etc/login.defs | awk '{print $2}' 2>/dev/null)" # If we couldn't find it, set it to the default of 1000 if [ -z "$recycleUIDMIN" ]; then export recycleUIDMIN=1000 # this is the default from Slackware's /etc/login.defs fi # This setting enables the 'recycling' of older unused UIDs. # When you userdel a user, it removes it from passwd and shadow but it will # never get used again unless you specify it expliticly -- useradd (appears to) just # look at the last line in passwd and increment the uid. I like the idea of # recycling uids but you may have very good reasons not to (old forgotten # confidential files still on the system could then be owned by this new user). # We'll set this to no because this is what the original adduser shell script # did and it's what users expect. recycleuids=no # Function to read keyboard input. # bash1 is broken (even ash will take read -ep!), so we work around # it (even though bash1 is no longer supported on Slackware). function get_input() { local output if [ "`echo $BASH_VERSION | cut -b1`" = "1" ]; then echo -n "${1} " >&2 ; # fudge for use with bash v1 read output else # this should work with any other /bin/sh read -ep "${1} " output fi echo $output } # Function to display the account info function display () { local goose goose="$(echo $2 | cut -d ' ' -f 2-)" # lop off the prefixed argument useradd needs echo -n "$1 " # If it's null then display the 'other' information if [ -z "$goose" -a ! -z "$3" ]; then echo "$3" else echo "$goose" fi } # Function to check whether groups exist in the /etc/group file function check_group () { local got_error group if [ ! -z "$@" ]; then for group in $@ ; do local uid_not_named="" uid_not_num="" grep -v "$^" $gfile | awk -F: '{print $1}' | grep "^${group}$" >/dev/null 2>&1 || uid_not_named=yes grep -v "$^" $gfile | awk -F: '{print $3}' | grep "^${group}$" >/dev/null 2>&1 || uid_not_num=yes if [ ! -z "$uid_not_named" -a ! -z "$uid_not_num" ]; then echo "- Grupo '$group' não existe" got_error=yes fi done fi # Return exit code of 1 if at least one of the groups didn't exist if [ ! -z "$got_error" ]; then return 1 fi } #: Read the login name for the new user :# # # Remember that most Mail Transfer Agents are case independant, so having # 'uSer' and 'user' may cause confusion/things to break. Because of this, # useradd from shadow-4.0.3 no longer accepts usernames containing uppercase, # and we must reject them, too. # Set the login variable to the command line param echo LOGIN="$1" needinput=yes while [ ! -z $needinput ]; do if [ -z "$LOGIN" ]; then while [ -z "$LOGIN" ]; do LOGIN="$(get_input "Nome do login para o novo usuário []:")" ; done fi grep "^${LOGIN}:" $pfile >/dev/null 2>&1 # ensure it's not already used if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then echo "- O usuário '$LOGIN' já existe; favor escolher outro" unset LOGIN elif [ ! "$LOGIN" = "`echo $LOGIN | tr A-Z a-z`" ]; then # useradd does not allow uppercase echo "- O usuário '$LOGIN' contém caracteres ilegais (maiúsculo); favor escolher outro" unset LOGIN elif [ ! -z "$( echo $LOGIN | grep '\.' )" ]; then echo "- O usuário '$LOGIN' contém caracteres ilegais (ponto); favor escolher outro" unset LOGIN else unset needinput fi done # Display the user name passed from the shell if it hasn't changed if [ "$1" = "$LOGIN" ]; then echo "Nome do login para o novo usuário: $LOGIN" fi #: Get the UID for the user & ensure it's not already in use :# # # Whilst we _can_ allow users with identical UIDs, it's not a 'good thing' because # when you change password for the uid, it finds the first match in /etc/passwd # which isn't necessarily the correct user # echo needinput=yes while [ ! -z "$needinput" ]; do _UID="$(get_input "ID do usuário ('UID') [ próximo disponível ]:")" grep -v "^$" $pfile | awk -F: '{print $3}' | grep "^${_UID}$" >/dev/null 2>&1 if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then echo "- Esse UID já está em uso; favor escolher outro" elif [ ! -z "$(echo $_UID | egrep '[A-Za-z]')" ]; then echo "- Os UIDs são apenas numéricos" else unset needinput fi done # If we were given a UID, then syntax up the variable to pass to useradd if [ ! -z "$_UID" ]; then U_ID="-u ${_UID}" else # Will we be recycling UIDs? if [ "$recycleuids" = "yes" ]; then U_ID="-u $(awk -F: '{uid[$3]=1} END { for (i=ENVIRON["recycleUIDMIN"];i in uid;i++);print i}' $pfile)" fi fi #: Get the initial group for the user & ensure it exists :# # # We check /etc/group for both the text version and the group ID number echo needinput=yes while [ ! -z "$needinput" ]; do GID="$(get_input "Grupo principal [ ${defgroup} ]:")" check_group "$GID" if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then echo "- Favor escolher outro" else unset needinput fi done # Syntax the variable ready for useradd if [ -z "$GID" ]; then GID="-g ${defgroup}" else GID="-g ${GID}" fi #: Get additional groups for the user :# # echo needinput=yes while [ ! -z "$needinput" ]; do AGID="$(get_input "Grupos adicionais (separados por vírgulas) []:")" AGID="$(echo "$AGID" | tr -d ' ' | tr , ' ')" ; # fix up for parsing if [ ! -z "$AGID" ]; then check_group "$AGID" # check all groups at once (treated as N # of params) if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then echo "- Favor re-entrar os grupos" else unset needinput # we found all groups specified AGID="-G $(echo "$AGID" | tr ' ' ,)" fi else unset needinput # we don't *have* to have additional groups fi done #: Get the new user's home dir :# # echo needinput=yes while [ ! -z "$needinput" ]; do HME="$(get_input "Home directory [ ${defhome}/${LOGIN} ]")" if [ -z "$HME" ]; then HME="${defhome}/${LOGIN}" fi # Warn the user if the home dir already exists if [ -d "$HME" ]; then echo "- Atenção: '$HME' já existe !" getyn="$(get_input " Quer escolher outro caminho para o diretório home ? (S/n) ")" if [ "$(echo $getyn | grep -i "n")" ]; then unset needinput # You're most likely going to only do this if you have the dir *mounted* for this user's $HOME getyn="$(get_input " Ajustar o proprietário $LOGIN.$( echo $GID | awk '{print $2}') $HME ? (s/N) ")" if [ "$(echo $getyn | grep -i "s")" ]; then CHOWNHOMEDIR=$HME # set this to the home directory fi fi else unset needinput fi done HME="-d ${HME}" #: Get the new user's shell :# echo needinput=yes while [ ! -z "$needinput" ]; do unset got_error SHL="$(get_input "Shell [ ${defshell} ]")" if [ -z "$SHL" ]; then SHL="${defshell}" fi # Warn the user if the shell doesn't exist in /etc/shells or as a file if [ -z "$(grep "^${SHL}$" $sfile)" ]; then echo "- Atenção: ${SHL} não está no ${sfile} (poderá ser impedido de usar o FTP)" got_error=yes fi if [ ! -f "$SHL" ]; then echo "- Atenção: ${SHL} não existe como arquivo" got_error=yes fi if [ ! -z "$got_error" ]; then getyn="$(get_input " Quer alterar o shell ? (S/n) ")" if [ "$(echo $getyn | grep -i "n")" ]; then unset needinput fi else unset needinput fi done SHL="-s ${SHL}" #: Get the expiry date :# echo needinput=yes while [ ! -z "$needinput" ]; do EXP="$(get_input "Data de expiração (AAAA-MM-DD) []:")" if [ ! -z "$EXP" ]; then # Check to see whether the expiry date is in the valid format if [ -z "$(echo "$EXP" | grep "^[[:digit:]]\{4\}[-]\?[[:digit:]]\{2\}[-]\?[[:digit:]]\{2\}$")" ]; then echo "- Essa data não é uma data válida" else unset needinput EXP="-e ${EXP}" fi else unset needinput fi done # Display the info about the new impending account echo echo "A nova conta será criada como segue:" echo echo "---------------------------------------" display "Nome do login....: " "$LOGIN" display "UID..............: " "$_UID" "[ Próximo disponível ]" display "Grupo principal..: " "$GID" display "Grupos adicionais: " "$AGID" "[ Nenhum ]" display "Diretório home...: " "$HME" display "Shell............: " "$SHL" display "Data de expiração: " "$EXP" "[ Nunca ]" echo echo "É isso aí... se quiser desistir, pressione Control-C. Caso contrário" echo "pressione ENTER para seguir em frente e criar a conta." read junk echo echo "Criando a nova conta..." echo echo # Add the account to the system CMD="$useradd "$HME" -m "$EXP" "$U_ID" "$GID" "$AGID" "$SHL" "$LOGIN"" $CMD if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then echo "- Erro ao executar o comando useradd -- conta não criada!" echo "(cmd: $CMD)" exit 1 fi # chown the home dir ? We can only do this once the useradd has # completed otherwise the user name doesn't exist. if [ ! -z "${CHOWNHOMEDIR}" ]; then chown "$LOGIN"."$( echo $GID | awk '{print $2}')" "${CHOWNHOMEDIR}" fi # Set the finger information $chfn "$LOGIN" if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then echo "- Atenção: ocorreu um erro ao ajustar as informações do finger" fi # Set a password $passwd "$LOGIN" if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then echo "* ATENÇÃO: Ocorreu um erro ao ajustar a senha para esta" echo " conta. Favor investigar isto manualmente *" exit 1 fi # If it was created (it should have been!), set the permissions for that user's dir HME="$(echo "$HME" | awk '{print $2}')" # We have to remove the -g prefix if [ -d "$HME" ]; then $chmod $defchmod "$HME" fi echo echo echo "Configuração da conta completada." exit 0
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