Bom, tive um problema com discos de 2TB em meu servidor. Eles estavam com RAID, e ao usar o fdisk, só conseguia formatar até 2TB. Como eu tenho 9TB, consegui utilizar o Parted aplicando o processo abaixo.

Vamos utilizar o comando parted com gpt:

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table

Vamos começar com o comando fdisk para verificar o disco:

# fdisk -l /dev/sda

WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted.

WARNING: The size of this disk is 9.3 TB (9345848836096 bytes).
DOS partition table format can not be used on drives for volumes
larger than 2.2 TB (2199023255040 bytes). Use parted(1) and GUID
partition table format (GPT).

Disk /dev/sda: 9345.8 GB, 9345848836096 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1136234 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Bom, o fdisk nos informa que temos que usar o GNU Parted, pois não tem suporte a GPT. Pode consultar a man page:

# man parted

Começando a formatação:

# parted /dev/sda

GNU Parted 1.8.1
Using /dev/sda
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.

(parted) mklabel gpt
Warning: The existing disk label on /dev/sdb will be destroyed and all data on this disk will be lost. Do you want to continue?
Yes/No? yes
(parted)

Em seguida, definir a unidade padrão para TB, digitar:

(parted) unit TB

Vamos criar a partição:

(parted) mkpart primary 0.00TB 9.35TB

Vamos visualizar como ficou:

(parted) print
Disk /dev/sda: 9.35TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt

Number  Start    End      Size    & nbsp;    File system  Name     Flags
1          0.00TB  9.35TB  9.35TB   ;   primary

Vamos sair:

(parted) quit
Information: Don't forget to update /etc/fstab, if necessary.

Ok, vamos usar o mkfs para formatar:

# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sda1

mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
1140850688 inodes, 2281701367 blocks
114085068 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
69632 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
16384 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
102400000, 214990848, 512000000, 550731776, 644972544, 1934917632

Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information:
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 27 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

Verificando como ficou:

# fdisk -l /dev/sda

WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted.

WARNING: The size of this disk is 9.3 TB (9345848836096 bytes).
DOS partition table format can not be used on drives for volumes
larger than 2.2 TB (2199023255040 bytes). Use parted(1) and GUID
partition table format (GPT).

Disk /dev/sda: 9345.8 GB, 9345848836096 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1136234 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1               1      267350  2147483647+  ee  EFI GPT

Note como ficou o meu /dev/sda1 no número de blocks.

Agora vamos montar o mesmo:

# mount /dev/sda1 /Backup Pronto, tenho espaço para armazenar meus backups.

Usei como referência para o meu problema:

• Linux Creating a Partition Size Larger Than 2TB

Espero que ajude.